Bazo podatkov MariaDB namestite v RHEL/CentOS/Fedora in Debian/Ubuntu
MariaDB je binarna zamenjava za MySQL, ki so jo razvili izvirni avtorji MySQL Project in je popolnoma združljiv z MySQL z več funkcijami in boljšo zmogljivostjo. Dokler nismo napisali te objave, je MariaDB 10.0 Series razvojna različica (Alpha), MariaDB 5.5 pa trenutna stabilna izdaja (GA)
Zakaj naj uporabljam MariaDB?
Kot vsi vemo, se MySQL pogosto uporablja in je najbolj priljubljen RDBMS in prva izbira razvijalcev. Leta 2008 je družbo Sun Microsystem prevzel MySQL, ki ga je pozneje kupil Oracle in ni več odprtokodna.
No, MariaDB sponzorira Monty Program AB & MariaDB Foundation, neodvisen razvijalec pa je MySQL in drugi člani skupnosti ter je resnično odprtokoden. Človek, ki je ustvaril bazo podatkov MySQL s strani Michael “Monty” Widenius, David Axmark in Allan Larsso, ustanovitelj MySQL in Monty Program AB, zdaj stoji za MariaDB. Nadzirali bi razvoj fundacije MariaDB.
Kdo uporablja MariaDB?
Obstaja veliko distribucij in velika spletna mesta so prešla na MariaDB, nekatere med njimi so:
- Mozilla Corporation
- Wikipedija
- OpenSuse
- Fedora
- OLX
- Nimbuzz
- SlashGear
- ArchLinux
- Redhat Enterprise Linux (iz RHEL7)
- Slackware
- Mageia
- Slackware
- TurboLinux
- Projekt Čakra
- Gentoo
- GNU/Linux KDu
Namestitev zbirke podatkov MariaDB v RHEL/CentOS 6/5 in Fedora 18/17
Za namestitev toplo priporočamo uporabo shrambe MariaDB YUM (Package Manager) po meri. Ustvarite repo datoteko v /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo, kopirajte in prilepite naslednje vnose pod njo.
Trenutno so na voljo repozitoriji MariaDB za RHEL 6, RHEL5, CentOS 6, CentOS 5 in Fedora 20,19,18,17. Prosimo, izberite in dodajte pravilno shrambo v različico vašega OS.
# MariaDB 5.5 RedHat repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:29 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/rhel6-x86 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 RedHat repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:30 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/rhel6-amd64 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 RedHat repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:31 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/rhel5-x86 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 RedHat repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:31 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/rhel5-amd64 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 CentOS repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:21 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/centos6-x86 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 CentOS repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:22 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/centos6-amd64 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 CentOS repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:23 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/centos5-x86 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 CentOS repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:23 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/centos5-amd64 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2014-03-19 06:34 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora20-x86 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2014-03-19 06:35 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora20-amd64 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2014-03-19 06:31 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora19-x86 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2014-03-19 06:34 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora19-amd64 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:32 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora18-x86 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:33 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora18-amd64 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:33 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora17-x86 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
# MariaDB 5.5 Fedora repository list - created 2013-08-11 14:33 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/5.5/fedora17-amd64 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1
Ko datoteko MariaDB.repo postavite pod /etc/yum.repos.d/. Namestimo z naslednjim ukazom YUM.
# On RHEL/CentOS 6/5 and Fedora 19,18,17 # yum -y install MariaDB MariaDB-server # On Fedora 20 # yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
Če ključ MariaDB GPG Signing ni nameščen, ga bo YUM samodejno namestil po prenosu vseh paketov.
Po končani namestitvi zaženite MariaDB z naslednjim ukazom.
# On RHEL/CentOS 6/5 and Fedora 19,18,17 # /etc/init.d/mysql start # On Fedora 20 # systemctl start mariadb.service systemctl enable mariadb.service
V terminal vnesite ukaz 'mysql'. Privzeto geslo za root je prazno.
mysql Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 1 Server version: 5.5.32-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]>
Zaženite naslednji ukaz za ogled privzetih zbirk podatkov, ki so priložene namestitvi.
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
V ukazni poziv vnesite quit za izhod iz lupine.
MariaDB [(none)]> quit Bye
Po namestitvi natančno preberite in pod vsakim korakom nastavite root geslo , odstranite anonimne uporabnike , onemogočite oddaljeno prijavo root in odstranite testno bazo podatkov in dostop za zaščito MariaDB.
mysql_secure_installation /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 379: find_mysql_client: command not found NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY! In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank, so you should just press enter here. Enter current password for root (enter for none): OK, successfully used password, moving on... Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation. Set root password? [Y/n] Y New password: Re-enter new password: Password updated successfully! Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success! Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y ... Success! Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y ... Success! By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y - Dropping test database... ... Success! - Removing privileges on test database... ... Success! Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y ... Success! Cleaning up... All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB installation should now be secure. Thanks for using MariaDB!
Ko je skript za namestitev končan, morate znova zagnati bazo podatkov MariaDB, da sprejmete nove spremembe.
# On RHEL/CentOS 6/5 and Fedora 19,18,17 # /etc/init.d/mysql restart # On Fedora 20 # systemctl restart mariadb.service
Nastavite MariaDB za zagon ob zagonu
chkconfig mysql on
Poskusimo se povezati z novo nastavljeno korensko poverilnico in videli bi nekaj podobnega.
mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 1 Server version: 5.5.32-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]>
Namestitev zbirke podatkov MariaDB v Debian 7/6 in Ubuntu 13.04/12/10/12.04
Za namestitev toplo priporočamo uporabo skladišča po meri. Zaženite naslednje ukaze, da v svoj sistem dodate MariaDB. Upoštevajte, da bo ključ za podpisovanje pri uvozu isti ostal enak v Debianu in Ubuntuju.
[email :~$ sudo apt-get install python-software-properties [email :~$ sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 0xcbcb082a1bb943db
Kopirajte in prilepite naslednje vnose v datoteko /etc/apt/sources.list na dnu.
# MariaDB 5.5 repository list - created 2013-08-11 15:03 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ deb http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/debian wheezy main deb-src http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/debian wheezy main
# MariaDB 5.5 repository list - created 2013-08-11 15:17 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ deb http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/debian squeeze main deb-src http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/debian squeeze main
# MariaDB 5.5 repository list - created 2014-03-19 06:47 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ deb http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu saucy main deb-src http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu saucy main
# MariaDB 5.5 repository list - created 2013-08-11 15:18 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ deb http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu raring main deb-src http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu raring main
# MariaDB 5.5 repository list - created 2013-08-11 15:24 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ deb http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu quantal main deb-src http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu quantal main
# MariaDB 5.5 repository list - created 2013-08-11 15:24 UTC # http://mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ deb http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu precise main deb-src http://mirrors.scie.in/mariadb/repo/5.5/ubuntu precise main
Ko pravilno uvozite ključ in pravilno dodate repozitorij, lahko namestite MariaDB z ukazom apt-get, kot je prikazano. Med namestitvijo boste morda zahtevali nastavitev korenskega gesla za bazo podatkov.
[email :~$ sudo apt-get update [email :~$ sudo apt-get install mariadb-server
Prijavite se MariaDB s korensko poverilnico, ki je bila nastavljena prej.
[email :~$ sudo mysql -u root -p [sudo] password for narad: Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 42 Server version: 10.0.3-MariaDB-1~raring-log mariadb.org binary distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Opomba: V ukazni poziv vnesite quit za izhod iz baze podatkov.
Referenčne povezave
- MariaDB proti MySQL - funkcije
- MariaDB dokumentacija
- Domača stran MariaDB