Kako namestiti Docker in zagnati Dockerjeve vsebnike v Ubuntuju
Docker je odprtokodna in priljubljena tehnologija za virtualizacijo na ravni operacijskega sistema (splošno znana kot\"kontejnerizacija"), ki deluje predvsem v Linuxu in Windowsu. Docker olajša ustvarjanje, uvajanje in zagon aplikacij z uporabo vsebnikov.
S posodami lahko razvijalci (in sistemski skrbniki) aplikacijo zapakirajo z vsem, kar je potrebno za zagon aplikacije-kodo, časom izvajanja, knjižnicami, spremenljivkami okolja in konfiguracijskimi datotekami ter vse pošljejo kot en paket. Ja, super je!
V tem članku vam bomo pokazali, kako namestite Docker CE (skupnostna izdaja), ustvarite in zaženete vsebnike Docker na distribuciji Ubuntu.
Namestitev Docker CE (Community Edition) v Ubuntu
1. Če želite namestiti Docker CE, morate najprej odstraniti starejše različice Dockerja, imenovane docker
, docker.io
ali docker-engine
iz sistema z naslednjim ukazom.
$ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc
2. Nato morate nastaviti skladišče Docker za namestitev in posodobitev Dockerja iz skladišča z uporabo naslednjih ukazov.
$ sudo apt-get update $ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add - $ sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
3. Posodobite indeks paketa apt in z naslednjimi ukazi namestite najnovejšo različico Docker CE.
$ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount pigz The following NEW packages will be installed: aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount containerd.io docker-ce docker-ce-cli pigz 0 upgraded, 6 newly installed, 0 to remove and 167 not upgraded. Need to get 50.7 MB of archives. After this operation, 243 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 pigz amd64 2.4-1 [57.4 kB] Get:2 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 containerd.io amd64 1.2.4-1 [19.9 MB] Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 aufs-tools amd64 1:4.9+20170918-1ubuntu1 [104 kB] Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 cgroupfs-mount all 1.4 [6,320 B] Get:5 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 docker-ce-cli amd64 5:18.09.3~3-0~ubuntu-bionic [13.1 MB] Get:6 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 docker-ce amd64 5:18.09.3~3-0~ubuntu-bionic [17.4 MB] Fetched 50.7 MB in 7s (7,779 kB/s) ...
4. Po uspešni namestitvi paketa Docker CE je treba storitev samodejno zagnati in samodejno omogočiti, da se zažene ob zagonu sistema, njeno stanje lahko preverite z naslednjim ukazom.
$ sudo systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Wed 2019-03-06 08:06:42 UTC; 2min 18s ago Docs: https://docs.docker.com Main PID: 5274 (dockerd) Tasks: 8 CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service └─5274 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.562587408Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup rt runtime" Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.562767803Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup blkio weight" Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.562966844Z" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support cgroup blkio weight_device" Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.565298457Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: start." Mar 06 08:06:41 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:41.950942467Z" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP address 172.17.0.0/16. Daemon option --bip can be used to set a prefer Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.036964493Z" level=info msg="Loading containers: done." Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.156279378Z" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=774a1f4 graphdriver(s)=overlay2 version=18.09.3 Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.157145045Z" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization" Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine. Mar 06 08:06:42 tecmint dockerd[5274]: time="2019-03-06T08:06:42.224229999Z" level=info msg="API listen on /var/run/docker.sock"
5. Nazadnje preverite, ali je Docker CE pravilno nameščen, tako da zaženete sliko hello-world
.
$ sudo docker run hello-world
Hello from Docker! This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly. To generate this message, Docker took the following steps: 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon. 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub. (amd64) 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the executable that produces the output you are currently reading. 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it to your terminal. To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with: $ docker run -it ubuntu bash Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID: https://hub.docker.com/ For more examples and ideas, visit: https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
Naučite se osnovnih ukazov Docker v Ubuntuju
6. Za informacije o Dockerju zaženite naslednji ukaz.
$ sudo docker info Kernel Version: 5.0.0-050000-generic Operating System: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS OSType: linux Architecture: x86_64 CPUs: 1 Total Memory: 1.452GiB Name: tecmint ID: FWSB:IRIF:DYL7:PRB5:Y66E:37MY:ISPO:HZVY:6YJO:2IYL:TO6Y:GNB7 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker Debug Mode (client): false Debug Mode (server): false Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/ Labels: Experimental: false Insecure Registries: 127.0.0.0/8 Live Restore Enabled: false Product License: Community Engine
7. Če želite informacije o različici Dockerja, zaženite naslednji ukaz.
$ sudo docker version Client: Version: 18.09.3 API version: 1.39 Go version: go1.10.8 Git commit: 774a1f4 Built: Thu Feb 28 06:53:11 2019 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false Server: Docker Engine - Community Engine: Version: 18.09.3 API version: 1.39 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.10.8 Git commit: 774a1f4 Built: Thu Feb 28 05:59:55 2019 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false
8. Če želite dobiti seznam vseh razpoložljivih ukazov Docker, zaženite docker
na svojem terminalu.
$ docker Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND A self-sufficient runtime for containers Options: --config string Location of client config files (default "/home/tecmint/.docker") -D, --debug Enable debug mode -H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to -l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info") --tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify --tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/home/tecmint/.docker/ca.pem") --tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/home/tecmint/.docker/cert.pem") --tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/home/tecmint/.docker/key.pem") --tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote -v, --version Print version information and quit Management Commands: builder Manage builds config Manage Docker configs container Manage containers engine Manage the docker engine image Manage images network Manage networks node Manage Swarm nodes plugin Manage plugins secret Manage Docker secrets service Manage services stack Manage Docker stacks swarm Manage Swarm system Manage Docker trust Manage trust on Docker images volume Manage volumes ....
Prenesite sliko Dockerja v Ubuntu
9. Če želite zagnati vsebnik Docker, morate najprej prenesti sliko iz Docker Hub - ponuja brezplačne slike iz svojih skladišč.
Če želite na primer prenesti sliko Dockerja, imenovano CentOS 7
, izdajte naslednji ukaz.
$ sudo docker search centos NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED centos The official build of CentOS. 5227 [OK] ansible/centos7-ansible Ansible on Centos7 120 [OK] jdeathe/centos-ssh CentOS-6 6.10 x86_64 / CentOS-7 7.5.1804 x86… 107 [OK] consol/centos-xfce-vnc Centos container with "headless" VNC session… 81 [OK] imagine10255/centos6-lnmp-php56 centos6-lnmp-php56 50 [OK] centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 47 tutum/centos Simple CentOS docker image with SSH access 43 gluster/gluster-centos Official GlusterFS Image [ CentOS-7 + Glust… 40 [OK] openshift/base-centos7 A Centos7 derived base image for Source-To-I… 39 centos/postgresql-96-centos7 PostgreSQL is an advanced Object-Relational … 37 centos/python-35-centos7 Platform for building and running Python 3.5… 33 kinogmt/centos-ssh CentOS with SSH 26 [OK] openshift/jenkins-2-centos7 A Centos7 based Jenkins v2.x image for use w… 20 centos/php-56-centos7 Platform for building and running PHP 5.6 ap… 19 pivotaldata/centos-gpdb-dev CentOS image for GPDB development. Tag names… 10 openshift/wildfly-101-centos7 A Centos7 based WildFly v10.1 image for use … 6 openshift/jenkins-1-centos7 DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based Jenkins v1.x ima… 4 darksheer/centos Base Centos Image -- Updated hourly 3 [OK] pivotaldata/centos Base centos, freshened up a little with a Do… 2 pivotaldata/centos-mingw Using the mingw toolchain to cross-compile t… 2 pivotaldata/centos-gcc-toolchain CentOS with a toolchain, but unaffiliated wi… 1 openshift/wildfly-81-centos7 A Centos7 based WildFly v8.1 image for use w… 1 blacklabelops/centos CentOS Base Image! Built and Updates Daily! 1 [OK] smartentry/centos centos with smartentry 0 [OK] jameseckersall/sonarr-centos Sonarr on CentOS 7 0 [OK]
10. Ko na podlagi svojih zahtev določite, katero sliko želite zagnati, jo prenesite lokalno tako, da zaženete spodnji ukaz (v tem primeru se prenese in uporablja slika CentOS).
$ docker pull centos Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/centos a02a4930cb5d: Pull complete Digest: sha256:184e5f35598e333bfa7de10d8fb1cebb5ee4df5bc0f970bf2b1e7c7345136426 Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
11. Če želite prikazati vse razpoložljive slike Dockerja na gostitelju, zaženite naslednji ukaz.
$ sudo docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE hello-world latest fce289e99eb9 2 months ago 1.84kB centos latest 1e1148e4cc2c 3 months ago 202MB
12. Če ne želite več slike Docker in jo lahko odstranite z naslednjim ukazom.
$ sudo docker rmi centos Untagged: centos:latest Untagged: [email :184e5f35598e333bfa7de10d8fb1cebb5ee4df5bc0f970bf2b1e7c7345136426 Deleted: sha256:1e1148e4cc2c148c6890a18e3b2d2dde41a6745ceb4e5fe94a923d811bf82ddb Deleted: sha256:071d8bd765171080d01682844524be57ac9883e53079b6ac66707e192ea25956
Zaženite Docker Container v Ubuntuju
13. Če želite ustvariti in zagnati vsebnik Docker, morate najprej zagnati ukaz v preneseno sliko CentOS
, zato bi bil osnovni ukaz preveriti datoteko distribucijske različice v vsebniku z ukazom cat , kot je prikazano.
$ docker run centos cat /etc/issue
14. Če želite znova zagnati vsebnike, morate najprej pridobiti ID ali ime vsebnika z izvajanjem naslednjega ukaza, ki bo prikazal seznam delujočih in ustavljenih vsebnikov:
$ sudo docker ps -l CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 0ddfa81c5779 centos "cat /etc/issue" About a minute ago Exited (0) About a minute ago elastic_shirley
15. Ko pridobite ID ali ime vsebnika, ga lahko zaženete z naslednjim ukazom:
$ sudo docker start 0ddfa81c5779 OR $ sudo docker start elastic_shirley
Tu niz 0ddfa81c5779
predstavlja ID vsebnika, elastic_shirley
pa ime vsebnika.
16. Če želite ustaviti delujoči vsebnik, zaženite ukaz docker stop
tako, da podate ID ali ime vsebnika.
$ sudo docker stop 0ddfa81c5779 OR $ sudo docker stop elastic_shirley
17. Boljši način, da vam ne bo treba zapomniti ID-ja vsebnika, je, da določite edinstveno ime za vsak vsebnik, ki ga ustvarite z uporabo možnosti --name
, kot je prikazano.
$ docker run --name myname centos cat /etc/issue
18. Za povezovanje in izvajanje ukazov Linuxa v vsebnik izdajte naslednji ukaz.
$ docker run -it centos bash uname -a Linux 6213ec547863 5.0.0-050000-generic #201903032031 SMP Mon Mar 4 01:33:18 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
19. Če želite zapreti gostitelja in se vrniti v gostiteljsko sejo, se morate vnesti exit
, kot je prikazano.
$ exit
To je vse za osnovno manipulacijo s posodo. Če imate kakršna koli vprašanja ali pripombe o tem članku, nas kontaktirajte s spodnjim obrazcem za povratne informacije.