Pakirajte aplikacije in programe PyGObject kot ".deb" paket za namizje Linux - 4. del
Z vami nadaljujemo serijo programov PyGObject na namizju Linux, v 4. delu serije bomo razložili, kako zapakirati programe in aplikacije, ki smo jih ustvarili Linux namizje, ki uporablja PyGObject kot paket Debian.
Paketi Debian ( .deb ) so najpogostejši format za namestitev programov pod Linuxom, sistem\" dpkg ", ki obravnava pakete .deb je privzeto za vse distribucije Linuxa, ki temeljijo na Debianu, kot sta Ubuntu in Linux Mint. Zato bomo samo razložili, kako pakirati naše programe za Debian.
Iz svojih programov PyGObject ustvarite paket Debian
Najprej bi morali imeti nekaj osnovnega znanja o ustvarjanju paketov Debian, ta vodnik vam bo v veliko pomoč.
- Uvod v Debian Packaging
Na kratko, če imate projekt z imenom\" mojprogram ", mora vsebovati naslednje datoteke in mape, da ga lahko spakirate.
- debian (mapa): Ta mapa vključuje vse informacije o paketu Debian, razdeljene na številne poddatoteke.
- po (mapa): mapa po vključuje prevajalske datoteke programa (pojasnili bomo v 5. delu).
- myprogram (datoteka): To je datoteka Python, ki smo jo ustvarili s pomočjo PyGObject, je glavna datoteka projekta.
- ui.glade (datoteka): datoteka grafičnega uporabniškega vmesnika .. Če ste vmesnik aplikacije ustvarili s pomočjo Glade, morate to datoteko vključiti v
vaš projekt. - bMyprogram.desktop (datoteka): to je odgovorna datoteka za prikaz aplikacije v meniju aplikacij.
- setup.py (datoteka): Ta datoteka je odgovorna za namestitev katerega koli programa Python v lokalni sistem, zelo pomembna je v katerem koli programu Python, ima pa tudi številne druge načine uporabe.
Seveda .. Obstaja veliko drugih datotek in map, ki jih lahko vključite v svoj projekt (v resnici lahko vključite vse, kar želite), vendar so to osnovne.
Zdaj začnimo pakirati projekt. Ustvarite novo mapo z imenom\" myprogram ", ustvarite datoteko\" myprogram " in ji dodajte naslednjo kodo.
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
## Replace your name and email.
# My Name <[email >
## Here you must add the license of the file, replace "MyProgram" with your program name.
# License:
# MyProgram is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# MyProgram is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with MyProgram. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
from gi.repository import Gtk
import os
class Handler:
def openterminal(self, button):
## When the user clicks on the first button, the terminal will be opened.
os.system("x-terminal-emulator ")
def closeprogram(self, button):
Gtk.main_quit()
# Nothing new here.. We just imported the 'ui.glade' file.
builder = Gtk.Builder()
builder.add_from_file("/usr/lib/myprogram/ui.glade")
builder.connect_signals(Handler())
window = builder.get_object("window1")
window.connect("delete-event", Gtk.main_quit)
window.show_all()
Gtk.main()
Ustvarite datoteko ui.glade in jo napolnite s to kodo.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- Generated with glade 3.16.1 -->
<interface>
<requires lib="gtk+" version="3.10"/>
<object class="GtkWindow" id="window1">
<property name="can_focus">False</property>
<property name="title" translatable="yes">My Program</property>
<property name="window_position">center</property>
<property name="icon_name">applications-utilities</property>
<property name="gravity">center</property>
<child>
<object class="GtkBox" id="box1">
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">False</property>
<property name="margin_left">5</property>
<property name="margin_right">5</property>
<property name="margin_top">5</property>
<property name="margin_bottom">5</property>
<property name="orientation">vertical</property>
<property name="homogeneous">True</property>
<child>
<object class="GtkLabel" id="label1">
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">False</property>
<property name="label" translatable="yes">Welcome to this Test Program !</property>
</object>
<packing>
<property name="expand">False</property>
<property name="fill">True</property>
<property name="position">0</property>
</packing>
</child>
<child>
<object class="GtkButton" id="button2">
<property name="label" translatable="yes">Click on me to open the Terminal</property>
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">True</property>
<property name="receives_default">True</property>
<signal name="clicked" handler="openterminal" swapped="no"/>
</object>
<packing>
<property name="expand">False</property>
<property name="fill">True</property>
<property name="position">1</property>
</packing>
</child>
<child>
<object class="GtkButton" id="button3">
<property name="label">gtk-preferences</property>
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">True</property>
<property name="receives_default">True</property>
<property name="use_stock">True</property>
</object>
<packing>
<property name="expand">False</property>
<property name="fill">True</property>
<property name="position">2</property>
</packing>
</child>
<child>
<object class="GtkButton" id="button4">
<property name="label">gtk-about</property>
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">True</property>
<property name="receives_default">True</property>
<property name="use_stock">True</property>
</object>
<packing>
<property name="expand">False</property>
<property name="fill">True</property>
<property name="position">3</property>
</packing>
</child>
<child>
<object class="GtkButton" id="button1">
<property name="label">gtk-close</property>
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="can_focus">True</property>
<property name="receives_default">True</property>
<property name="use_stock">True</property>
<signal name="clicked" handler="closeprogram" swapped="no"/>
</object>
<packing>
<property name="expand">False</property>
<property name="fill">True</property>
<property name="position">4</property>
</packing>
</child>
</object>
</child>
</object>
</interface>
Do zdaj ni nič novega .. Pravkar smo ustvarili datoteko Python in datoteko vmesnika. Zdaj ustvarite datoteko\" setup.py " v isti mapi in ji dodajte naslednjo kodo, vsaka vrstica je pojasnjena v komentarjih.
# Here we imported the 'setup' module which allows us to install Python scripts to the local system beside performing some other tasks, you can find the documentation here: https://docs.python.org/2/distutils/apiref.html
from distutils.core import setup
setup(name = "myprogram", # Name of the program.
version = "1.0", # Version of the program.
description = "An easy-to-use web interface to create & share pastes easily", # You don't need any help here.
author = "TecMint", # Nor here.
author_email = "[email ",# Nor here :D
url = "http://example.com", # If you have a website for you program.. put it here.
license='GPLv3', # The license of the program.
scripts=['myprogram'], # This is the name of the main Python script file, in our case it's "myprogram", it's the file that we added under the "myprogram" folder.
# Here you can choose where do you want to install your files on the local system, the "myprogram" file will be automatically installed in its correct place later, so you have only to choose where do you want to install the optional files that you shape with the Python script
data_files = [ ("lib/myprogram", ["ui.glade"]), # This is going to install the "ui.glade" file under the /usr/lib/myprogram path.
("share/applications", ["myprogram.desktop"]) ] ) # And this is going to install the .desktop file under the /usr/share/applications folder, all the folder are automatically installed under the /usr folder in your root partition, you don't need to add "/usr/ to the path.
Zdaj ustvarite datoteko\" myprogram.desktop " v isti mapi in dodajte naslednjo kodo, je pojasnjeno tudi v komentarjih.
# This is the .desktop file, this file is the responsible file about showing your application in the applications menu in any desktop interface, it's important to add this file to your project, you can view more details about this file from here: https://developer.gnome.org/integration-guide/stable/desktop-files.html.en [Desktop Entry] # The default name of the program. Name=My Program # The name of the program in the Arabic language, this name will be used to display the application under the applications menu when the default language of the system is Arabic, use the languages codes to change the name for each language. Name[ar]=برنامجي # Description of the file. Comment=A simple test program developed by me. # Description of the file in Arabic. Comment[ar]=برنامج تجريبي بسيط تم تطويره بواسطتي. # The command that's going to be executed when the application is launched from the applications menu, you can enter the name of the Python script or the full path if you want like /usr/bin/myprogram Exec=myprogram # Do you want to run your program from the terminal? Terminal=false # Leave this like that. Type=Application # Enter the name of the icon you want to use for the application, you can enter a path for the icon as well like /usr/share/pixmaps/icon.png but make sure to include the icon.png file in your project folder first and in the setup.py file as well. Here we'll use the "system" icon for now. Icon=system # The category of the file, you can view the available categories from the freedesktop website. Categories=GNOME;GTK;Utility; StartupNotify=false
Zdaj smo že skoraj končali .. V mapi\" debian " moramo samo ustvariti nekaj majhnih datotek, da zagotovimo informacije o našem paketu za\" dpkg ”Sistem.
Odprite mapo\" debian " in ustvarite naslednje datoteke.
control compat changelog rules
nadzor : Ta datoteka vsebuje osnovne informacije o paketu Debian, za več podrobnosti obiščite polja za nadzor paketa Debian.
Source: myprogram Maintainer: My Name <[email > Section: utils Priority: optional Standards-Version: 3.9.2 Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 9), python2.7 Package: myprogram Architecture: all Depends: python-gi Description: My Program Here you can add a short description about your program.
compat : To je le pomembna datoteka za sistem dpkg, vsebuje le čarobno številko 9, pustite tako.
9
dnevnik sprememb : Tukaj boste lahko dodali spremembe, ki jih naredite v svojem programu, za več informacij obiščite Vir sprememb dnevnika sprememb Debian Package.
myprogram (1.0) trusty; urgency=medium * Add the new features here. * Continue adding new changes here. * And here. -- My Name Here <[email > Sat, 27 Dec 2014 21:36:33 +0200
pravila : Ta datoteka je odgovorna za zagon namestitvenega procesa na lokalnem računalniku za namestitev paketa. Več informacij si lahko ogledate
o tej datoteki od tu: Privzeta pravila za paket Debian.
Čeprav za program Python ne boste potrebovali ničesar več.
#!/usr/bin/make -f
# This file is responsible about running the installation process on the local machine to install the package, you can view more information about this file from here: https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/dreq.en.html#defaultrules Though you won't need anything more for your Python program.
%:
dh [email
override_dh_auto_install:
python setup.py install --root=debian/myprogram --install-layout=deb --install-scripts=/usr/bin/ # This is going to run the setup.py file to install the program as a Python script on the system, it's also going to install the "myprogram" script under /usr/bin/ using the --install-scripts option, DON'T FORGET TO REPLACE "myprogram" WITH YOUR PROGRAM NAME.
override_dh_auto_build:
Zdaj, ko smo uspešno ustvarili vse potrebne datoteke za naš program, ga začnimo pakirati. Najprej se prepričajte, da ste pred začetkom namestili nekaj odvisnosti za postopek gradnje.
$ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install devscripts
Zdaj pa si predstavljajte, da je mapa\" myprogram " v vaši domači mapi (/home/user/myprogram ), da jo lahko zapakirate kot paket Debian, zaženite naslednje ukaze .
$ cd /home/user/myprogram $ debuild -us -uc
[email :~/Projects/myprogram$ debuild -us -uc dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -D -us -uc dpkg-buildpackage: source package myprogram dpkg-buildpackage: source version 1.0 dpkg-buildpackage: source distribution trusty dpkg-buildpackage: source changed by My Name Here <[email > dpkg-source --before-build myprogram dpkg-buildpackage: host architecture i386 fakeroot debian/rules clean dh clean dh_testdir dh_auto_clean .... ..... Finished running lintian.
In to je to ! Vaš paket Debian je bil uspešno ustvarjen:
Zaženite ga, da ga namestite v katero koli distribucijo, ki temelji na Debianu.
$ sudo dpkg -i myprogram_1.0_all.deb
Ne pozabite nadomestiti zgornje datoteke z imenom paketa. Po namestitvi paketa lahko program zaženete v meniju aplikacij.
In bo delovalo ..
Tu se konča 4. del naše serije o PyGObject .. V naslednji lekciji vam bomo razložili, kako lahko lokalizirate aplikacijo PyGObject, dokler ne boste pozorni nanjo ...